Example: An approximate weight of As another comparison, When a number of drill collars are used in directional drilling, they produce a great amount of contact area with the low side of the hole. As the collars are rotated, this high friction contact with the hole wall causes the collars to climb the side of the wall.
Many people feel this rotation climbing action of the bottom collar causes the bit to turn hole direction to the right. Hevi-Wate drill pipe provides stability and much less wall contact. This results in the directional driller being able to lock-in and better control both hole angle and direction. In shallow drilling areas, where regular drill pipe is run in compression, the more rigid Hevi-Wate drill pipe will allow more bit weight to be run with less likelihood of fatigue damage.
Hevi-Wate drill pipe should not be used for bit weight in vertical holes larger than those listed below: 5 in. Hevi-Wate pipe maximum vertical hole 7 in. The ease in handling saves both rig time and trip time see Figure Nos. A long string of Hevi-Wate drill pipe will eliminate many of the problems associated with drill collars normally used on the smaller rigs.
Requires only drill pipe elevators to handle on the rig. This accelerated fatigue damage is attributed to the bending stress concentration in the limber drill pipe rotating next to the stiff drill collars.
Two factors that cause extreme bending stress concentration in the bottom joint of drill pipe are: 1. Cyclic torsional whipping that moves down through the rotating drill pipe into the stiff drill collars. Side to side movement, as well as the vertical bounce and vibrations of the drill collars, that are transmitted up to the bottom joint of drill pipe. Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe When drill pipe is subjected to compressive buckling these stress concentrations are much more severe.
Many drillers periodically move the bottom joint of drill pipe to a location higher up in the drill pipe string. Moving these joints to other drill string locations does not remove the cumulative fatigue damage that has been done, and may or may not prolong the time until failure will occur. Hevi-Wate drill pipe is an intermediate-weight drill stem member, with a tube wall approximately 1 in. Hevi-Wate drill pipe provides a graduated change in stiffness between the limber drill pipe above and the rigid drill collars below.
This graduated change in stiffness reduces the likelihood of drill pipe fatigue failures when Hevi-Wate drill pipe is run in the critical transition zone of destruction. Performance records compiled during the past few years show that running Hevi-Wate drill pipe above the drill collars definitely reduces drill pipe fatigue failures. Hevi-Wate drill pipes heavy-wall design, long tool joints and long center upset section resist the high-stress concentration and center body OD wear which causes failures in regular drill pipe.
Because of its construction, Hevi-Wate drill pipe can be inspected by the same technique used to prevent drill collar failures. The number of joints of pipe that should be run in the transition zone is important.
Based on successful field experience, a minimum of 18 to 21 joints of Hevi-Wate drill pipe are recommended between the drill collars and the regular drill pipe in vertical holes. Thirty 30 or more joints are commonly used in directional holes. Drill collars lay to the low side of high-angle holes. This results in: Increased rotary torque. Increased possibility of differential sticking.
Increased vertical drag. Excessive wall friction that creates rolling action and affects directional control. Rotating big, stiff collars through doglegs, developed in directional drilling, can cause very high-rotating torque and excessive bending loads at the threaded connections.
Hevi-Wate drill pipe bends primarily in the tube. This reduces the likelihood of tool joint fatigue failures occurring in the Hevi-Wate drill pipe as it rotates through doglegs and hole angle changes. Hevi-Wate drill pipe design offers less wall contact area between the pipe and hole wall which results in: Less rotary torque. Less chance of differential sticking. Less vertical drag. Better directional control. Size in. Mechanical Properties Nom. Displacement The volume of fluid displaced by the Hevi-Wate drill pipe run in open ended metal displacement only.
Torque ft-lb ft 30 ft ft-lb 38, 51, Experience has indicated that these members perform best when this ratio is less than 5. Tapered drill collar strings are often necessary to maintain an acceptable ratio. For Directional Holes a. Read to the left the maximum drill collar size. For Straight Holes a. Note: Caution should be exercised not to select drill collar ODs above the suggested upper limits for each condition.
Fatigue failures are more likely if these limits are exceeded. If drill collars larger than the maximum suggested size are to be used, run at least three drill collars of the maximum suggested size or smaller between the larger drill collars and the Hevi-Wate drill pipe.
It also provides a means whereby fluid may be circulated for lubricating and cooling the bit and for the removal of cuttings from the wellbore. Drill pipe connections require different treatment than drill collar connections.
Drill pipe tool joints are much stiffer and stronger than the tube and seldom experience bending fatigue damage in the connection. Therefore, tool joint connections are normally selected based on torsional strength of the pin connection and tube and not on bending strength ratios as in drill collar connections.
Drill collar connections differ in that they are a sacrificial element and can never be made as strong as the drill collar body.
The repair is also different. A drill collar connection can be renewed by cutting off the old connection and completely remachining a new one; whereas a drill pipe connection can only be reworked by chasing the threads and refacing the shoulder because of its short length. The most common damage occurring to drill pipe tool joints is caused by leaking fluid, careless handling, thread wear or galling, and swelled boxes due to outside diameter wear. As with drill collars, the break-in of new drill pipe tool joints is extremely important for long life.
Newly machined surfaces are more susceptible to galling until they become work hardened. Therefore, the connections should be chemically etched by a gallresistant coating see page 67 to hold the thread compound and protect the newly machined surfaces on the initial makeup. Extra care is essential to ensure long and trouble-free service. Thread protectors should be used while drill pipe is being picked up, laid down, moved or stored. Be sure to thoroughly clean all threads and shoulders of any foreign material or protective coating and inspect for damage before the first makeup.
If kerosene, diesel or other liquid is used, allow sufficient drying time before applying thread compound to the connections. When applying thread compound, be sure to cover thoroughly the entire surface of the threads and shoulders of both. Tool Joints pin and box connections.
It is preferable to use a good grade of zinc thread compound that contains no more than 0. Proper initial makeup is probably the most important factor effecting the life of the tool joint connections.
Here are some recommendations to follow: 1. Proper makeup torque is determined by the connection type, size, OD and ID, and may be found in torque tables see pages and Make up connections slowly, preferably using chain tongs.
High-speed kelly spinners or the spinning chain used on initial makeup can cause galling of the threads. Tong them up to the predetermined torque using a properly working torque gage to measure the required line pull see page Stagger breaks on each trip so that each connection can be checked, redoped and made up every second or third trip, depending on the length of drill pipe and size of rig.
A new string of drill pipe deserves good surface handling equipment and tools. Check slips and master bushings before damage occurs to the tube see the IADC Drilling Manual for correct measurement.
Do not stop the downward movement of the drill string with the slips. This can cause crushing or necking down of the drill pipe tube. The drill pipe can also be damaged by allowing the slips to ride the pipe on trips out of the hole. Good rig practices will help eliminate time consuming trips in the future, looking for washouts or fishing for drill pipe lost in the hole. Sample Markings: 1 D 2 9 3 99 4 V 5 E.
B Dalmine S. D Falck F Kawasaki H Nippon I NKK K Mannesmann M Reynolds Aluminum RA Sumitomo S Siderca N Vallourec V Used U Inactive Armco A American Seamless J Lone Star L Ohio O Republic Tool Joints Tubemuse TU Voest VA Wheeling Pittsburgh P Youngstown TFW Omsco OMS Prideco Note: Heavy-weight drill pipe to be stencilled at base of pin with double pipe grade code.
It is suggested that a bench mark be provided for the determination of the amount of material which may be removed from the tool joint shoulder, if it is refaced. This bench mark should be stencilled on a new or recut tool joint after facing to gage. The bench mark should be positioned in the box counterbore and on the base of the pin as shown in Figure Nos.
The API identification for Grade E heavy-weight drill pipe manufactured before January 1, , was a milled slot only in the center of the tong space. ISO marking is per the before January 1, , style.
Stencil grade code symbol and weight code number corresponding to grade and weight of pipe in milled slot of pin. Multiply inches by Multiply ft-lb by 1.
Multiply ft-lb by. Type Connection in. Box OD in. Makeup Torque ft-lb 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 7, 6, 5, 8, 5, 7, 5, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 8, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 12, 7, 9, 12, 13, 9, 15, 17, 17, 12, 12, 16, 17, 12, 16, 21, 19, 16, 11, 14, 17, 25, 15, 20, 21, 24, 27, 25, 27, 35, 21, 24, 29, 38, Makeup Torque ft-lb 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5, 4, 7, 4, 6, 4, 4, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 7, 6, 7, 7, 9, 10, 10, 6, 7, 9, 11, 7, 12, 14, 14, 10, 10, 13, 14, 9, 13, 17, 15, 13, 9, 11, 14, 21, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 20, 22, 28, 18, 20, 24, 32, Makeup Torque ft-lb 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 3, 3, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 6, 7, 8, 9, 6, 11, 12, 12, 8, 8, 11, 12, 8, 11, 14, 13, 11, 8, 9, 12, 17, 10, 14, 14, 17, 19, 17, 19, 24, 15, 17, 21, 26, The use of Outside Diameters OD smaller than those listed in the table may be acceptable on Slim-Hole SH tool joints due to special service requirements.
RP 7G fifteenth edition. Kelly Sizes The size of a kelly is determined by the distance across the drive flats see Figure Nos. Kelly Lengths API kellys are manufactured in two standard lengths: 1 40 ft Optional LH Std. Optional Std. RH in. The rollers, pins or bearings may need replacing to return the drive assembly to like new status. Also check the bushing body for journal area wear and body spreading.
A loose fitting drive unit can badly damage a new kelly on the first well drilled. Remember to lubricate kelly drive surfaces. Check Wear Pattern on Corners of Kelly The major cause for a kelly to wear out is the rounding off of the drive corners. This rate of wear is a function of the clearance or fit between the kelly and the rollers in the kelly bushing.
The closer the kelly and rollers fit, the broader will be the wear pattern. A narrow wear pattern on the kellys corners usually indicates a loose fit between the two. Bore A in. Kellys Rollers must fit the largest spot on the kelly flats. The API tolerances on distance across flats are quite large and bushings fitting properly in one place may actually appear loose at another point.
Generally kellys made from forgings have wide variations in tolerances, making it impossible to fit the roller closely at all points. Kellys manufactured by full length machining are made to closer tolerances and fit the rollers best. Kelly after considerable use with only new drive assembly. The drive edge will have a flat pattern of reduced width and increased contact angle.
A curved surface will be visible on the kelly near the roller center. Worn kelly with worn drive assembly. The drive edge is a curvature with a high contact angle.
New kelly with new drive assembly. The drive edge will have a wide flat pattern with a small contact angle. Inspection At regular intervals, have the kellys threaded connections checked by your Drilco inspector. Remember these connections are subject to fatigue cracks the same as drill collar connections.
Also, the drive section and upset areas should be inspected for cracks and wear patterns. Kelly Saver Subs Kelly saver subs protect the lower kelly connection from wear caused by making and breaking the drill pipe connection each time a joint is drilled down. They also protect the top joint of casing against excessive wear, if fitted with a rubber protector, as.
Kellys well as provide an area to tong on when making up or breaking out the kelly. When you need a new stabilizer rubber, an old sub re-worked or a brand new one, mention this to your Smith representative before you are ready to pick up that new kelly. Use the Other Corners By employing a temperature controlled stubbing procedure, we can change ends on your kelly.
This allows the kelly to drive against new corners. Welding is done only in the large diameter round sections. We do not recommend welding on the hexagonal or square surfaces of the kelly.
This amounts to taking a clean-up cut on each driving surface. Note: Oversize rotary drive rollers are used with a remachined kelly.
The bore diameter of your kelly must be small enough to allow enough wall thickness for remachining. Ask your Smith representative for more information. Straightening an Old Kelly A bent kelly takes a beating as it is forced through the rotary drive bushings. Smith repair centers have straightening presses that can straighten a kelly and accurately check the run-out. Most downhole drilling tool failures and resultant fishing jobs can be avoided by the use of periodic inspections and by providing maintenance and repair to the primary areas of fatigue within the tool.
The primary areas of fatigue are areas on the tool that are likely to receive the highest concentration of stress while operating. The majority of stress is concentrated in several common areas on these tools such as: connections, slip areas, upset areas, weld areas, radius changes, tube body, etc.
Smith Field Inspection Services regularly utilizes several types of nondestructive testing NDT methods to inspect these primary areas for potential problems. When inspecting the threaded connections on drill collars, Hevi-Wate, stabilizers, reamers, hole openers, kellys, as well as other downhole drilling tools, the primary NDT method of inspection is the magnetic particle inspection method.
This common method utilizes fluorescent magnetic particles to detect cracks in the threaded area of the connection or other locations as necessary. To illustrate the principle of magnetic particle inspection, you can sprinkle magnetic particles on a bar which has been magnetized. The magnetized bar acts as a magnet with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other end. The magnetic particles will be attracted to the poles of the magnet. If the bar is notched, each side of the notch becomes a pole of a.
Inspection magnet see Figure No. If the notch is narrow, the magnetized particles will form a bridge between the poles. Cracks in threaded connections or in other locations behave the same way when magnetized.
Inspection Proper maintenance and inspection of downhole tools begins with proper cleaning. The threaded areas are cleaned by a wire brush adapted to an electric drill see Figure No.
It is essential that all thread lubricant, dirt and corrosion be removed from the threads and shoulders prior to inspection. All connections are magnetized with DC magnetizing coils utilizing the continuous method of particle application.
The continuous method provides for magnetizing the part to be inspected at the same time of magnetic particle application, thus ensuring proper magnetization and superior defect detection see Figure No. Magnetic particles are attracted to any cracks present by the principle shown in Figure No.
Smiths field inspectors are thoroughly trained in the principles and techniques of defect detection, correction and prevention. Rugged trucks, complete with calibrated and certified inspection equipment, provide access to remote locations see Figure No.
Inspection Using ultraviolet light, the inspectors experienced eye detects any build up of magnetic particles in the thread roots of the pin connection see Figure No. A magnifying mirror enables the inspector to look into the thread roots of the box connection. Inspection As part of the inspection record, the drill collar serial number, tally length, OD and ID are noted.
Also connection size and type, field repairs made, and number of connections inspected are recorded. Joints requiring shop repairs are clearly marked to ensure proper identification of the repair required see Figure No. Red marking is used on cracked collars and yellow on collars with other defects. White markings, along with the well-recognized OK Drilco, are used to indicate acceptable equipment. If a crack indication is found, the inspector polishes it with a soft fibrous wheel to verify the presence of a fatigue crack see Figure No.
He then re-cleans, re-magnetizes and re-sprays the connection with fluorescent magnetic particles and re-inspects with the blacklight to verify that the indication is a crack.
Drill Pipe Inspection The DrilcologE inspection unit is an electromagnetic system for inspecting used drill pipe and tubing see Figure No. The system incorporates a dual function inspection system consisting of both transverse flaw detection and wall loss capabilities. Sixteen 16 independent electronic channels, eight for transverse flaws and eight for wall loss, are utilized for detection and display of internal and external corrosion, cracks, cuts and other transverse, three-dimensional and wall loss defects.
Inspection Ultrasonic End Area Inspection Ultrasonic techniques may be used to inspect the slip areas and other high-stress areas of the drill pipe tube see Figure No. These high-stress areas, located in the 36 in. Smiths ultrasonic equipment can locate internal fatigue cracks and washed areas before they become problems. Drill collar and drill pipe shoulder faces are smoothed with adhesive-backed emery paper, leaving a surface that is flat and smooth.
Many connection shoulders can be repaired at the rig when such damage would normally require costly machine shop attention. Caution: Throughout the entire refacing operation, the inspector should wear eye protection. Ask your Smith representative for details. API standards along with Smiths own inspection specifications are used to provide the best inspection possible. Customer specifications and in-house procedures may be used at your request. Either way, Smiths highly trained inspectors will provide the highest quality service for your inspection dollar.
Field repair may eliminate the costly need to ship equipment to the machine shop for repair. Trained technicians can remove minor thread and shoulder blemishes which, if left unrepaired will cause damage to other connections in the string. Inspection True alignment of the shoulder, perpendicular to the center line of the threads, is assured as the refacing tool mandrel is screwed on or into the connection threads see Figure No. Care should be taken in removing only the minimum amount of material.
When making field repairs, operators should be skilled and understand service conditions of the product to assure proper application of the refacing tool. Note: Portable equipment used to repair threaded connections in the field will not restore the product within the tolerances of a new part. The refacing tool is rotated by a heavy-duty electric sander and the pressure is applied by the operator along the axis of the threaded connection see Figure No.
The drive tube is made from aluminum, thereby reducing the weight of the assembly. Caution: The sander should not be used unless properly grounded. Inspection Copper Sulfate Solution After refacing, an anti-gall coating of copper sulfate, is applied to the shoulder surface see Figure No. Caution: Eye protection and appropriate hand protection should be worn when mixing or handling copper sulfate solution.
Always pour acid into water. Mix the solution in an area with an eye wash fountain or where large amounts of water are available for flushing, in case solution comes in contact with any part of the body. Mix the solution in an area with eye wash fountain, or where large amounts of water are available for flushing, in case solution comes in contact with any part of the body. After completion of the inspection and repair operation, a rust preventative is applied to all connections on tools that are to be stored before the next use see Figure No.
On tools that are to be used immediately, an API thread compound is applied to the threads and shoulders see Figure No. With the thread form, determine the number of threads per inch in the pin or box see Figure No. On the scale, threads per inch are indicated by the number following the type of joint. Inspection 2. On pins without a relief-groove or turned cylindrical diameter, caliper diameter at base see Figure No.
Inspection 4. On identifier scale, find the type of joint which corresponds to the pin base diameter measured in Figure Nos. Place one end of caliper in the notch and read the corresponding connection size at the other end of the caliper tip.
To measure tapered diameter of pins with reliefgrooves or cylindrical diameters, ask someone to hold two straight edges against threads and caliper at shoulder as shown see Figure No. To find the type of box, hold the end of the scale marked box to mouth of counterbore, as shown, and read the nearest size and type of joint having corresponding number of threads per inch see Figure No. Inspection Pin base diameters vary widely on same size joints, but no difficulty will be experienced if the nearest size is taken having the correct number of threads per inch.
H have nearly the same pin base diameter, but can be easily distinguished by the number of threads per inch. Experienced inspectors are trained in defect detection and downhole tool maintenance and field repair. Inspectors are qualified to train the customers operating personnel in field maintenance and defect prevention. Special compact and light-weight equipment allows travel to offshore and remote locations see Figure No.
There are times when it is beneficial for you to use air or gas as the circulating medium or use a light mud to drill in an underbalanced condition. When drilling with air or gas or underbalanced, you must use a rotating drilling head. Rotating drilling heads are used to safely divert air, gas, dust or drilling muds away from the rig floor. The head has a rubber device, called a stripper rubber, that provides a continuous seal around the drill stem components, thus directing the drilling medium through a side outlet on the body and away from the rig floor.
Rotating drilling heads are also used for closed loop circulating systems in environmentally sensitive areas. Note: You should always remember that rotating drilling heads are diverters and that you must never use them as a blowout preventer.
Typically, air and gas drilling are used in very hard formations and formations which are extremely fractured. Benefits of air and gas drilling include: Faster penetration rates, sometimes threefold to fourfold compared to mud drilling. Rotating Drilling Heads Reduced formation damage. Fewer wellbore problems such as lost circulation and sloughing of sensitive shales.
Immediate indication of zone productivity. The API idend slot only ISO7G for Stencil grade code symbol and weig Multiply ft-lb by 1. Multiply ft-lb by. RP 7G fifteenth edition. Kelly Sizes The size of a kelly is determined by the distance across the drive flats see Figure Nos.
Like this Not like this Figure No. Optional Std. RH Std in. Optional in. RH in. Across Across Nom. The rollers, pins or bearings may need replacing to return the drive assembly to like new status. Also check the bushing body for journal area wear and body spreading. A loose fitting drive unit can badly Square damage a new kelly on the first well drilled. Radius Kellys Remember to lubricate kelly drive surfaces. Rc API Max. Kellys Kellys Rollers must fit the largest spot on the kelly flats.
The API tolerances on distance across flats are quite large and bushings fitting properly in one place may actually appear loose at another point. Generally kellys made from forgings have wide variations in tolerances, making it impossible to fit the roller closely at all points.
Kellys manufactured by full length machining are made to closer tolerances and fit the rollers best. The drive edge will have a flat pattern of reduced width and increased contact angle. A curved surface will be visible on the kelly near the roller center. The drive edge is a curvature with a high contact angle. Remember these connections are subject to fatigue cracks the same as drill collar connections. Also, the drive section and upset areas should be inspected for cracks and wear patterns.
Kelly Saver Subs Kelly saver subs protect the lower kelly connection from wear caused by making and breaking the drill pipe connection each time a joint is drilled down. They also protect the top joint of casing against excessive wear, if fitted with a rubber protector, as Kellys well as provide an area to tong on when making up or Remachine Drive dr breaking out the kelly. When you need a new stabilizer Surfaces iv rubber, an old sub re-worked or a brand new one, With the e mention this to your Smith representative before you are Heli-Mill, ro ready to pick up that new kelly.
This each a allows the kelly to drive against new cor- ners. We do not recommend welding on the Note: Oversize ac hexagonal or square surfaces of the kelly. The bore diameter of your kelly must be small enough to allow enough wall thickness for remachining. Ask your Smith representative for more information.
Straightening an Old Kelly A bent kelly takes a beating as it is forced through the 8 rotary drive bushings. Smith repair centers have straightening presses that can straighten a kelly and accurately check the run-out. Most downhole drilling tool failures and resul- tant fishing jobs can be avoided by the use of peri- odic inspections and by providing maintenance and repair to the primary areas of fatigue within the tool. The primary areas of fatigue are areas on the tool that are likely to receive the highest concentra- tion of stress while operating.
The majority of stress is concentrated in several common areas on these tools such as: connections, slip areas, upset areas, weld areas, radius changes, tube body, etc. Smith Field Inspection Services regularly util- izes several types of nondestructive testing NDT methods to inspect these primary areas for poten- tial problems. When inspecting the threaded connections on drill collars, Hevi-Wate, stabilizers, reamers, hole openers, kellys, as well as other downhole drilling tools, the primary NDT method of inspection is the magnetic particle inspection method.
This com- mon method utilizes fluorescent magnetic parti- cles to detect cracks in the threaded area of the connection or other locations as necessary. To illustrate the principle of magnetic particle inspection, you can sprinkle magnetic particles on a bar which has been magnetized. The magnetized bar acts as a magnet with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other end.
The magnetic particles will be attracted to the poles of the magnet. If the bar is notched, each side of the notch becomes a pole of a Inspection Inspection magnet see Figure No. If the notch is narrow, the magnetized particles will form a bridge between the poles. Cracks in threaded connections or in Particle other locations behave the same way when buildup magnetized. Rugged trucks, complete with calibrated and certified inspection equipment, provide access to remote locations see Figure No.
Proper maintenance and inspection of downhole tools begins with proper cleaning. The threaded areas are cleaned by a wire brush adapted to an electric drill see Figure No. It is essential that all thread lubricant, dirt and corrosion be removed from the threads and shoulders prior to inspection. The continuous method pro- vides for magnetizing the part to be inspected at the same time of magnetic particle application, thus ensuring proper magnetization and superior defect detection see Figure No.
Magnetic particles are attracted to any cracks present by the principle shown in Figure No. A magnifying mirror enables the inspector to look into the thread roots of the box connection. He then re- cleans, re-magnetizes and re-sprays the connection with flu- orescent magnetic particles and re-inspects with the blacklight to verify that the indication is a crack.
As part of the inspection record, the drill collar ser- ial number, tally length, OD and ID are noted. Also connection size and type, field repairs made, and number of connections inspected are recorded. Joints requiring shop repairs are clearly marked to ensure proper identification of the repair required see Figure No. Red marking is used on cracked collars and yellow on collars with other defects. The system incorporates a dual function inspection system consisting of both transverse flaw detection and wall loss capabilities.
Sixteen 16 independent electronic channels, eight for transverse flaws and eight for wall loss, are uti- lized for detection and display of internal and exter- nal corrosion, cracks, cuts and other transverse, three-dimensional and wall loss defects. These high-stress areas, located in the 36 in. Drill collar and drill pipe shoulder faces are smoothed with adhesive-backed emery paper, leaving a surface that is flat and smooth.
Many connection shoulders can be repaired at the rig when such damage would normally require costly Figure No. Caution: Throughout the entire refacing opera- tion, the inspector should wear eye protection.
Ask your Smith representative for details. Customer specifications and in-house pro- cedures may be used at your request. Field repair may eliminate the costly need to ship equip- ment to the machine shop for repair.
Trained tech- nicians can remove minor thread and shoulder Figure No. When making field repairs, operators should be skilled and understand service conditions of the product to assure proper application of the refacing tool. The drive tube is made from the product within the tolerances of a new part. Caution: The sander should not be used unless properly grounded. Caution: Eye protection and appropriate hand protection should be worn when mixing or han- Figure No.
Always pour acid into water. Mix the solution in an area with an eye wash fountain or where large amounts of water are available for flushing, in case solution comes in contact with any part of the body. With the thread form, determine the number of threads per inch in the pin or box see Figure No. On the scale, threads per inch are indi- Figure No.
Caution: Eye protection and appropriate hand protection should be worn when mixing or han- dling copper sulfate solution. Mix the solution in an area with eye Figure No. On identifier scale, find the type of joint which base see corresponds to the pin base diameter measured 2.
On pins without a relief-groove or in Figure Nos. Place one end of caliper in the notch and Figure No. To measure tapered diameter of pin hreads and 5. To find the type of box, hold the end of the grooves or cylindrical diameters, asure No. H have nearly the , self same pin base diameter, but can be easily distinguished supporti by the number of threads per inch.
Experienced inspectors are trained in defect detection and downhole tool maintenance and field repair. Special compact and light-weight equipment allows travel to offshore and remote locations see Figure No. There are times when it is beneficial for you to use air or gas as the circulating medium or use a light mud to drill in an underbalanced condition. When drilling with air or gas or underbalanced, you must use a rotating drilling head.
Rotating drilling heads are used to safely divert air, gas, dust or drilling muds away from the rig floor. The head has a rubber device, called a strip- per rubber, that provides a continuous seal around the drill stem components, thus directing the drill- ing medium through a side outlet on the body and away from the rig floor. Rotating drilling heads are also used for closed loop circulating systems in environmentally sensitive areas.
Note: You should always remember that rotating drilling heads are diverters and that you must never use them as a blowout preventer. Typically, air and gas drill- ing are used in very hard formations and forma- tions which are extremely fractured. B Flow drilling is the process of producing the well earing assembly while drilling. Geothermal Drilling Figure No. Rotating drill- and ing heads specifically designed for geothermal drill- The bowl assembly installs on top of the BOP stack ing typically have two sealing elements stripper and below the rotary table.
The bowl is stationary rubbers. The upper stripper rubber seals around and has a clamp assembly that locks the drive the kelly while drilling and the drill pipe and tool ring and bearing assembly firmly to the body.
Both the spool and the body are stationary. The sealed bearing assembly is retrievable the hole. It can be used and lifting the drive bushing assembly and stripper with single or dual rotating stripper rubbers. The rubber out of the bowl. Stripper rubbers Oil-Base are avail- Oil-Base hydraulic accumulator operates on rig air supply. Maximum speed Through bore standard Drive Bushing Assembly The drive bushing engages a lug on the drive ring Rotating test pressure The drive bushing drives the drive ring and bearing assembly.
The drive bushing itself is driven by the kelly bush- ing which is fitted onto the kelly. The kelly bushing automatically engages when the kelly is lowered into the drive bushing.
The drive bushing has a rub- ber insert to absorb lateral shock loads which are transmitted from the kelly to the kelly bushing. Lubricator System The lubricator system must be used in conjunction with the bearing assembly. The lubricator provides oil under pressure to the bearings for cooling and longer bearing life. Lubricating systems can be cir- culating or non-circulating. Circulating lubricating systems are recommended for high-temperature operations such as geothermal drilling.
The drive rotary table. The 11 in. The rotating drilling head rotary table. It can be rotating stripper rubbers. Other sizes available upon request. Special stripper rubbers for wireline service, are available upon request.
Well Drilling Head: This drilling head the rig floor. The lower stripper Through bore of wellhead rubber seals on the large diameter string compo- adapter assembly The body is equipped Through bore of drilling with a port for water injection to cool and lubri- head assembly The elastomer components Maximum OD This rat- with no outlet In actual field use system to supply high-pressure lubrication to the high-pressure seals. The high-pressure lubricant sys- and pressure capability of the stripper rubber.
For tem maintains hydraulic pressure at a slightly higher pressure than the wellbore to properly lubricate the aligned with the rig, the performance of the strip- high-pressure seal assembly. Other factors such The hydraulic skid is located away from the rig as high temperature, higher pressures, etc. The rig. A back-up air compressor automatically stripper rubber is a special mechanically energized engages if the rig air is disconnected. A redundant stripper rubber. The bearing chamber is sealed system assures that hydraulic fluid flow continues with low-pressure seals against atmospheric pres- sure.
There is a separate high-pressure seal assem- bly to contain wellbore pressure. Note: This product, regardless of pressure rat- ing, is a diverter and not a blowout preventor. The high-pressure seal assembly contains a redun- dant set of seals. The high-pressure drilling head is available with single or dual stripper rubbers. We have different elastomer components available for oil and gas or geothermal drilling.
If the kelly drive bushing does not freely engage into the drive bushing of the rotating drill- ing head, then BOP stack and rig rotary should be Alignment: Stack alignment is critical to the properly aligned. Bolt Bolt Dia. Rating Service 12 1 in. Ring No. This paper presents means for spec- ifying maximum permissible changes of hole angle to ensure a trouble-free hole.
Brinegar, Publication No. This article answers a number of questions pertaining to kellys, includ- ing: why kellys become unusable, the effects of manufacture on kelly performance, interpreting drive edge wear patterns and kelly repair. Garrett, Publication No. Faas, Publication No. In this article, the author summarizes a study conducted by Standard Oil Co. This detailed examination attempts to determine if there are any deficiencies in steel or fabrication procedures which could be corrected so that the likelihood of additional failures could be reduced.
Rollins, Publication No. The author in the article explains the nature of drill pipe failure, and identifies seven steps that can be taken to minimize fatigue damage. Wilson, Publication No. Williamson and A. This paper dis- cusses a computer the effect on hole inclina- tion, changes program for the prediction of bottom-hole in weight, drill collar size and the use assembly performance.
Input parame- of stabilizers. McKown and J. Williamson, Article discusses use of large drill collars in the 9 to 11 in. Experimental Publication No. The effects of stabilizer design on bottom-hole author explains the major causes of assembly performance are offered. Liljestrand, Publication No. Rowe, degassing. It outlines the problems and Publication No.
Purswell, are also shown. Publication No. Steve Williamson and stabilization is an effective method for Jim B. Bolton, Publication No. Purswell points International, September Calculating a slide sheet. Directional Ddrilling Operations manual. Directional drilling Training Manual.
Grace Air and Gas Drilling Manual Schlumberger - Well Control Manual. Halliburton Redbook. Oilfield English-Spanish Dictionary.
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