Moreover, we call on political leaders from wealthy countries with strong public health infrastructures, such as Canada and England, to collaborate and communicate with African leaders on the best ways to mitigate violence and EVD, in order to strengthen the health of their communities.
With the help of international aid, the health inequities that African countries continue to face can be mitigated, and thus EVD transmission can be controlled. She is hoping to pursue an MD and further public health research, particularly in environmental health.
She enjoys the outdoors and hiking. Maggie is particularly interested in health disparities and underserved populations. She plans to continue her passion for health by pursuing an MD after graduation. Her areas of interest are health and language literacy, cultural competency, and global health. Her passions involve integrating cultural humility into healthcare and uplifting the narratives of the underserved.
Want more news and trending topics in public health? Subscribe to the Population Healthy newsletter and listen to the Population Healthy podcast. Sequencing of samples from the outbreak was conducted and compared to sequences from cases during the — West Africa outbreak.
While researchers cannot definitively determine the cause of the outbreak, findings strongly support the conclusion that the outbreak was likely caused by a persistent source of infection i.
The outbreak was declared over on June 19, International partners, including CDC, provided technical assistance to the DRC government to support response efforts. Laboratory sequencing suggests that most cases in this outbreak were likely the result of a new spillover event i. Cases were also reported in Ituri and South Kivu provinces, and in Uganda.
CDC assisted the DRC government, neighboring countries, and local and international partners to coordinate activities and provide technical guidance related to laboratory testing, contact tracing, infection control, border health screening, data management, risk communication and health education, vaccination, and logistics. CDC assisted the DRC government and local and international partners, including the World Health Organization WHO , as they pursued priority areas of support, including establishing an outbreak response platform; implementing surge support for deployment of personnel, supplies, laboratory materials, operational support, logistics, and transportation; and identifying communication needs to support the partners and the response.
The first report mentioned eight suspected cases, including two deaths, with a third death reported on May The response faced challenging logistical obstacles, including the remoteness of the area and limited services. Mobile diagnostic laboratories provided testing of samples in the affected areas. Following a period of 42 days since the second negative laboratory diagnostic test of the last confirmed patient, WHO declared an end to the outbreak on July 2, The Ebola virus variant that caused this outbreak was closely related to the one that caused the outbreak in Kikwit, indicating that this outbreak was not related to the large outbreak happening at the same time in West Africa.
New England Journal of Medicine. The West African Ebola epidemic was the largest in history. Soon, cases were discovered in Liberia and Sierra Leone, which border Guinea.
Identification of cases was difficult because of weak surveillance and fragile public health infrastructure. Poor infection control measures and strained health care systems also contributed to the devastation of this outbreak. CDC collaborated with other U.
The outbreak was declared over in June Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The patient had no symptoms while in flight, so other airline passengers were not at risk. The healthcare workers treating the patient were adequately protected and carefully monitored. There were no additional cases in Italy. Ebola Virus Disease—Italy. Disease Outbreak News external icon. Immediate identification and monitoring of all the contacts of infected people successfully prevented a broader outbreak.
Unprotected responders were subsequently infected. As a result of this rapid response, the outbreak was confined to two cities, and additional spread of the Ebola virus through Nigeria and into other areas in Africa was prevented. Immediate identification and monitoring of all the contacts of the infected person successfully prevented a broader outbreak and no additional cases occurred in Senegal.
This was the first case of human-to-human transmission outside of Africa during the West African Ebola epidemic. A healthcare worker in Spain was infected with Ebola virus while treating a patient recently evacuated from Sierra Leone.
The patient later died. The healthcare worker was monitored for signs of EVD and treated in isolation at the start of a fever. Contacts of the healthcare worker and other hospital staff were also monitored. The healthcare worker recovered and there were no other cases reported in Spain. Ebola Virus Disease—Spain external icon. During the West Africa epidemic, a healthcare worker returning to the UK after volunteering in an Ebola treatment center in Sierra Leone became symptomatic upon arrival in the UK.
The case was treated in strict isolation and a range of public health measures were implemented by UK authorities. This was the first case of Zaire ebolavirus to be detected in the UK. World Health Organization. Ebola Virus Disease—United Kingdom external icon. Disease Outbreak News. The majority were infected with the Ebola virus outside of the U. Both recovered. CDC collaborated with U. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security, and state and local public health departments to screen travelers returning from Ebola-affected countries, provide safe transport for patients being assessed for EVD, and strengthen preparedness and infection control in hospitals.
The outbreak occurred in November in the Luwero, Jinja, and Nakasongola districts. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in external icon. The outbreak occurred in the Orientale province in the northeast of the country. This outbreak in DRC had no epidemiologic link to the Ebola outbreak occurring in the Kibaale district of Uganda at the same time.
The outbreak occurred in June in Kibaale District. Factors that helped stop the spread of the Ebola virus and limit the size of this outbreak included: 1 a high suspicion of hemorrhagic fever by clinical staff at the outset, 2 the correct use of personal protective equipment and barrier methods to protect hospital staff, and 3 the ability to rapidly confirm Ebola virus through laboratory testing in-country.
Emerging Infectious Diseases. The outbreak occurred in the Mweka and Luebo health zones in the Kasai Occidental province. A number of international partners were involved in the response to this outbreak.
Global Alert and Response. This was the first known occurrence of Ebola-Reston virus in pigs. The virus strain was similar to earlier strains. Six workers from a pig farm and slaughterhouse developed antibodies against the virus but did not become sick. Weekly Epidemiological Record. Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston ebolavirus external icon.
The outbreak occurred in the Bundibugyo district. This is the first reported occurrence of a new Ebola virus strain. This novel strain appeared similar to other related viruses. Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Radio broadcasts were used to deliver accurate and timely messages to the local population about EVD spread and prevention. The last confirmed case was on October 4 and the outbreak was declared over November Mardi, le 20 novembre Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo—Update. Two hunters index patients died in Etoumbi Medical Center in April A response team led by the Ministry of Health was rapidly sent to the site.
Most cases were hunters, patient caretakers, or funeral attendees. A Russian laboratory worker was injected with the virus accidentally while working on an Ebola vaccine and later died. A case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Infektsionnye Bolezni Moscow. The outbreak occurred in Yambio County at the same time as an outbreak of measles in the same area.
Two healthcare workers who cared for him in Dallas tested positive for EVD. Both recovered. The diagnosis was confirmed by the CDC the next day.
The patient recovered. Seven other people were cared for in the United States after they were exposed to the virus and became ill while in West Africa, the majority of whom were medical workers.
They were transported by chartered aircraft from West Africa to hospitals in the United States. Six of these patients recovered, one died.
CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center in July to help coordinate technical assistance and disease control activities with partners.
CDC personnel deployed to West Africa to assist with response efforts, including surveillance, contact tracing, data management, laboratory testing, and health education. CDC staff also provided support with logistics, staffing, communication, analytics, and management.
To prevent cross-border transmission, travelers leaving West Africa were screened at airports. Exit screening helped identify those at risk for EVD and prevent the spread of the disease to other countries. The United States also implemented enhanced entry screening for travelers coming from Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Mali by routing them to designated airports better able to assess travelers for risk.
During the height of the response, CDC trained 24, healthcare workers in West Africa on infection prevention and control practices. In addition, laboratory capacity was expanded in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone with 24 laboratories able to test for Ebola virus by the end of The impact this epidemic had on the world, and particularly West Africa, is significant.
There were an additional 36 cases and 15 deaths that occurred when the outbreak spread outside of these three countries. The table below shows the distribution of cases and deaths in countries with widespread transmission and countries affected by the epidemic. Graphs of reported cases , called epidemic curves, show the rate incidence of new, probable, and confirmed cases over the duration of the outbreak in the three West African countries with widespread transmission, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Healthcare workers caring for patients with EVD were among those at highest risk for contracting the disease. The epidemic also had a great impact on children.
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